Open Access

MicroRNA‑21: A potential therapeutic target in lung cancer (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Zhouqiang Li
    • Hualing Zhang
    • Zeshan Chen
    • Guanzhu Wu
    • Weixing Guo
    • Yun Li
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: July 9, 2025     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2025.5773
  • Article Number: 67
  • Copyright: © Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )


Abstract

In this review, the role of microRNA‑21 (miRNA‑21) as an oncogene in lung cancer was investigated. Studies have shown that miRNA‑21 can promote the progression of lung cancer by targeting downstream target genes, and its expression can be modulated by transcription factors, DNA methylation or competitive endogenous RNA as an upstream regulator. This review highlights that miRNA‑21 can promote the progression of lung cancer through multiple signaling pathways, with a focus on the PI3K/AKT, MEK/ERK, TGF‑β/SMAD, Hippo, NF‑κB and STAT3 signaling pathways. Mechanistically, miRNA‑21 plays an important role in the progression of lung cancer by regulating multiple biological processes, such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis and angiogenesis in lung cancer cells. Higher expression of miRNA‑21 is associated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immune resistance in lung cancer. Targeting these molecular pathways may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating lung cancer. Additionally, miRNA‑21 can serve as a biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response. This review also summarized the following: i) Current methods employed to inhibit the expression of miRNA‑21 in lung cancer, including CRISPR/Cas9 technology; ii) the application of natural anticancer agents, oligonucleotides, small molecules and miRNA sponges; and iii) the nano‑delivery systems developed for miRNA‑21 inhibitors. Finally, the advancements in research on miRNA mimics and inhibitors in clinical trials, which may promote the application of miRNA‑21 in clinical trials in lung cancer, were discussed. Given that lung cancer is a considerable public health challenge, these studies provide new ways of treating patients with lung cancer.
View Figures
View References

Related Articles

Journal Cover

August-2025
Volume 67 Issue 2

Print ISSN: 1019-6439
Online ISSN:1791-2423

Sign up for eToc alerts

Recommend to Library

Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li Z, Zhang H, Chen Z, Wu G, Guo W and Li Y: MicroRNA‑21: A potential therapeutic target in lung cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 67: 67, 2025.
APA
Li, Z., Zhang, H., Chen, Z., Wu, G., Guo, W., & Li, Y. (2025). MicroRNA‑21: A potential therapeutic target in lung cancer (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 67, 67. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2025.5773
MLA
Li, Z., Zhang, H., Chen, Z., Wu, G., Guo, W., Li, Y."MicroRNA‑21: A potential therapeutic target in lung cancer (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 67.2 (2025): 67.
Chicago
Li, Z., Zhang, H., Chen, Z., Wu, G., Guo, W., Li, Y."MicroRNA‑21: A potential therapeutic target in lung cancer (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 67, no. 2 (2025): 67. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2025.5773