Open Access

Acute myeloid leukemia with plasmacytoid dendritic cell proliferation: A case report and literature review

  • Authors:
    • Zhixin Pei
    • Yi Zhang
    • Han Xu
    • Pei Pei
    • Zhengyang Zhang
    • Hongxia Wang
    • Bei Zhang
    • Junjun Bai
    • Yingxin Zhao
    • Jingjing Gu
    • Zhiyu Fang
    • Miaomiao Liu
    • Qinglin Song
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: July 22, 2025     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15202
  • Article Number: 456
  • Copyright: © Pei et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The present study describes a rare case of plasmacytoid dendritic cell‑associated acute myeloid leukemia (pDC‑AML). A 70‑year‑old male patient was diagnosed with pDC‑AML and underwent induction chemotherapy using the venetoclax + azacitidine (VA) regimen. After 3 weeks of treatment, bone marrow examination indicated a morphologic leukemia‑free state (MLFS); however, the patient experienced persistent cytopenia, which was further complicated by severe pneumonia and gastrointestinal bleeding, both of which improved following treatment. After 3 weeks in MLFS, bone marrow morphology and minimal residual disease analysis revealed a relapse of leukemia. The patient subsequently underwent treatment with selinexor in conjunction with the VA regimen; however, due to severe thrombocytopenia, the family decided to discontinue further treatment. The patient subsequently succumbed shortly after discharge. pDC‑AML is an extremely rare disease characterized by low complete remission rates and a poor prognosis. While the VA regimen demonstrates rapid efficacy and favorable safety in elderly patients, especially those unable to tolerate intensive chemotherapy, the risk of relapse remains substantial. CD123‑targeted therapies may present potential new therapeutic options for this disease. Improving remission rates and extending survival in patients with pDC‑AML remain pressing clinical challenges.
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October-2025
Volume 30 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
Online ISSN:1792-1082

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Pei Z, Zhang Y, Xu H, Pei P, Zhang Z, Wang H, Zhang B, Bai J, Zhao Y, Gu J, Gu J, et al: Acute myeloid leukemia with plasmacytoid dendritic cell proliferation: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett 30: 456, 2025.
APA
Pei, Z., Zhang, Y., Xu, H., Pei, P., Zhang, Z., Wang, H. ... Song, Q. (2025). Acute myeloid leukemia with plasmacytoid dendritic cell proliferation: A case report and literature review. Oncology Letters, 30, 456. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15202
MLA
Pei, Z., Zhang, Y., Xu, H., Pei, P., Zhang, Z., Wang, H., Zhang, B., Bai, J., Zhao, Y., Gu, J., Fang, Z., Liu, M., Song, Q."Acute myeloid leukemia with plasmacytoid dendritic cell proliferation: A case report and literature review". Oncology Letters 30.4 (2025): 456.
Chicago
Pei, Z., Zhang, Y., Xu, H., Pei, P., Zhang, Z., Wang, H., Zhang, B., Bai, J., Zhao, Y., Gu, J., Fang, Z., Liu, M., Song, Q."Acute myeloid leukemia with plasmacytoid dendritic cell proliferation: A case report and literature review". Oncology Letters 30, no. 4 (2025): 456. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15202