Open Access

Advances of exosome regulating‑FXR to repair inflammatory bowel disease (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Peter Muro
    • Caihong Jing
    • Yaru Qiao
    • Wenbing Wang
    • Bo Wang
    • Fei Mao
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: July 3, 2025     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2025.5576
  • Article Number: 135
  • Copyright: © Muro et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which encompasses ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, poses significant treatment difficulties because of its persistent course and underlying inflammatory mechanisms. Existing treatments primarily focus on alleviating symptoms, while novel biological drugs that target specific molecular pathways could address the root causes of the disease. One such pathway involves the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor essential for bile acid metabolism, intestinal homeostasis and modulation of inflammation. Activating FXR can reduce intestinal inflammation and improve gut barrier function, highlighting its potential as a treatment target for IBD. However, using synthetic agonists to directly activate FXR has drawbacks, including off‑target effects and limited effectiveness. Exosomes, tiny nanoscale vesicles involved in cell‑to‑cell communication, have emerged as promising therapeutic tools for regulating FXR signaling in IBD. Exosomes, particularly those derived from mesenchymal stem cells, can deliver bioactive molecules that promote FXR activation, reduce inflammation, and enhance tissue regeneration. The present review examines how exosomes regulate FXR signaling and their potential therapeutic use in IBD. It covers exosome biogenesis, therapeutic benefits and their molecular mechanisms in IBD.
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September-2025
Volume 56 Issue 3

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Muro P, Jing C, Qiao Y, Wang W, Wang B and Mao F: Advances of exosome regulating‑FXR to repair inflammatory bowel disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 56: 135, 2025.
APA
Muro, P., Jing, C., Qiao, Y., Wang, W., Wang, B., & Mao, F. (2025). Advances of exosome regulating‑FXR to repair inflammatory bowel disease (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 56, 135. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2025.5576
MLA
Muro, P., Jing, C., Qiao, Y., Wang, W., Wang, B., Mao, F."Advances of exosome regulating‑FXR to repair inflammatory bowel disease (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 56.3 (2025): 135.
Chicago
Muro, P., Jing, C., Qiao, Y., Wang, W., Wang, B., Mao, F."Advances of exosome regulating‑FXR to repair inflammatory bowel disease (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 56, no. 3 (2025): 135. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2025.5576